女子医院

一、

uterinefibroids(子宫肌瘤)arebenigntumorsthatgrowintheuterus.(子宫肌瘤是生长在子宫内的良性肿瘤。)Mostuterinefibroidscausenosymptomsandarediscoveredincidentallyduringapelvicexamorultrasound.(大多数子宫肌瘤不会引起症状,而是在盆腔检查或超声检查时偶然发现。)However,iffibroidsgrowlargeenough,theycancausesymptomssuchasheavymenstrualbleeding,painfulperiods,increasedbleedingbetweenperiods,pelvicpain,pressuresymptoms(suchasfeelinglikeyouneedtoemptyyourbladdermorefrequently),andinfertility.(然而,如果肌瘤生长足够大,它们会引起症状,如月经过多、痛经、间期出血增加、盆腔疼痛、压迫症状(如感觉需要更频繁地排空膀胱)和不孕症。)

二、疾病介绍:

Uterinefibroidsarenoncanceroustumorsthatgrowinthemuscletissueoftheuterus.(子宫肌瘤是生长在子宫肌肉组织中的良性肿瘤。)Theyareverycommon,affectingasmanyas70%ofwomenbythetimetheyreachmenopause.(它们非常常见,多达70%的女性在绝经前会受到影响。)Theexactcauseofuterinefibroidsisunknown,buttheyarethoughttoberelatedtoanimbalanceinthehormonesestrogenandprogesterone.(子宫肌瘤的确切原因尚不清楚,但它们被认为与雌激素和孕激素失衡有关。)Otherfactorsthatmaycontributetothedevelopmentofuterinefibroidsincludegenetics,ethnicity,andlifestylefactorssuchasobesityandalackofphysicalactivity.(其他可能导致子宫肌瘤发展的因素包括遗传、种族和生活方式因素,如肥胖和缺乏身体活动。)

三、症状原理:

Whenuterinefibroidsgrow,theycanputpressureonthesurroundingtissuesandorgans,causingsymptoms.(当子宫肌瘤生长时,它们会压迫周围的组织和器官,导致症状。)Forexample,heavymenstrualbleedingmayoccurifthefibroidsarelocatedneartheendometrium,theliningoftheuterus.(例如,如果肌瘤位于子宫内膜附近,可能会发生月经过多。)Pelvicpainandpressuremayresultifthefibroidsgrowlargeenoughtoputpressureonthepelvicorgans.(如果肌瘤生长足够大,对盆腔器官造成压力,可能会导致盆腔疼痛和压力。)Insomecases,uterinefibroidsmayalsocauseinfertilitybyaffectingthefunctionoftheuterusorthequalityoftheeggs.(在某些情况下,子宫肌瘤也可能通过影响子宫的功能或卵子的质量而导致不孕症。)

四、治疗方法:

Thetreatmentofuterinefibroidsdependsonthesymptomsandthesizeandlocationofthefibroids.(子宫肌瘤的治疗取决于症状以及肌瘤的大小和位置。)Forwomenwithnosymptomsormildsymptoms,observationisoftenthefirstchoice.(对于没有症状或症状较轻的女性,观察通常是首选。)Thismeansmonitoringthefibroidswithregularpelvicexamsandultrasoundstoseeiftheygroworcauseanysymptoms.(这意味着通过定期盆腔检查和超声检查监测肌瘤,以查看它们是否生长或引起任何症状。)

1.Hormonaltreatment:Hormonaltreatmentsmaybeusedtoshrinkfibroidsortocontrolsymptomssuchasheavybleeding.(激素治疗可用于缩小肌瘤或控制症状,如大出血。)Examplesofhormonaltreatmentsincludebirthcontrolpills,progestin-onlypills,andGnRHagonists.(激素治疗的例子包括避孕药、仅孕激素药丸和GnRH激动剂。)

2.Myomectomy:Myomectomyisasurgicalprocedurethatinvolvesremovingthefibroidswhileleavingtheuterusintact.(子宫肌瘤切除术是一种手术程序,涉及在保留子宫的情况下切除肌瘤。)Thisisoftendoneforwomenwhowanttopreservetheirfertilityorwhohavebothersomesymptomsdespitetreatmentwithhormonaltherapy.(这通常用于想要保留生育能力或尽管接受激素治疗仍有恼人症状的女性。)

3.Uterinearteryembolization:Uterinearteryembolizationisaminimallyinvasiveprocedurethatinvolvesblockingthebloodsupplytothefibroids.(子宫动脉栓塞术是一种微创程序,涉及阻塞肌瘤的血液供应。)Thiscancausethefibroidstoshrinkandcanbeanoptionforwomenwhodonotwanttohavesurgeryorwhoarenotcandidatesforsurgery.(这可以导致肌瘤缩小,是不想手术或不适合手术的女性的一种选择。)

4.Hysterectomy:Hysterectomyistheremovaloftheuterus.(子宫切除术是切除子宫。)Thisisamajorsurgicalprocedureandistypicallyreservedforwomenwhohaveseveresymptoms,fibroidsthatarecausingproblemswithfertility,orothercomplications.(这是一种主要的手术程序,通常保留给有严重症状、肌瘤导致生育问题或其他并发症的女性。)

五、

Uterinefibroidsareacommonconditionthatcancauseavarietyofsymptoms.(子宫肌瘤是一种常见的疾病,可引起多种症状。)Thetreatmentofuterinefibroidsdependsonthesymptomsandthesizeandlocationofthefibroids.(子宫肌瘤的治疗取决于症状以及肌瘤的大小和位置。)Formostwomen,observationisoftenthefirstchoice,butinsomecases,hormonaltreatment,myomectomy,uterinearteryembolization,orhysterectomymaybenecessary.(对于大多数女性,观察通常是首选,但在某些情况下,可能需要激素治疗、子宫肌瘤切除术、子宫动脉栓塞术或子宫切除术。)Itisimportanttodiscussthetreatmentoptionswithagynecologisttodeterminethebestcourseoftreatmentforindividualneeds.(与妇科医生讨论治疗选择以确定针对个人需求的最佳治疗方案非常重要。)